GED Science for Dummies by Murray Shukyn & Achim K. Krull BA MAT

Author:Murray Shukyn & Achim K. Krull BA, MAT [BA, Murray Shukyn & Achim K. Krull BA, MAT]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781119029861
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-10-05T04:56:12+00:00

Although cells are tiny, they’re comprised of even tinier parts. The following list, along with Figure 8-1, should help you pick the parts out of a lineup:

Cytoplasm: The fluid membrane that holds and supports all of a cell’s components.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): An extensive network of sac-like structures that synthesize proteins and lipids and assist in folding and transporting manufactured proteins.

Golgi body (Golgi apparatus): Layers of membrane-bound structures that modify, sort, and package complex molecules (macromolecules) to be used within the cell or to be secreted by the cell.

Lysosome: Cube-shaped structures that contain enzymes to help break down cell waste and prepare it for excretion. These structures are found only in animal cells.

Vacuoles: Plant cells’ equivalent to lysosomes.

Membrane (wall): The protein layer that surrounds the cell, giving it form and protecting it from its external environment. The membrane is selectively permeable to allow food and other desirables into the cell, while keeping harmful matter outside. (Permeable means water or gas can pass through it, like a coffee filter.)

Mitochondrion: Commonly described as the cell’s “power plants,” the mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed structure where cell respiration occurs. The activity of mitochondrion within a cell and the number of mitochondria determine the cell’s metabolism.

Chloroplast: Plant cells’ equivalent to the mitochondrion. Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into free energy within the cell.

Nucleus: The part of a cell that contains its DNA and controls reproduction.

Organelles: Any of the many subunits within a cell, including ribosomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes.

Ribosome: Components within a cell that form proteins from amino acids.

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